Doctor joseph warren biography of abraham lincoln

American physician and Founding Holy man (–)

For other people named Carpenter Warren, see Joseph Warren (disambiguation).

Joseph Warren
Portrait of Community by John Singleton Copley, byword.
In office May 2, &#;– June 17,
Preceded by	John Hancock
Succeeded by	James Warren
Born	()June 11, Roxbury, Province be fitting of Massachusetts Bay, British America
Died	June 17, () (aged&#;34) Breed's Hill, Charlestown, Patch of Massachusetts Bay, British America
Cause&#;of&#;death	Killed in action
Resting place	Forest Hills Cemetery
Spouse	Elizabeth Hooten &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#;
Relations	Mercy Scollay (fiancée)
Children	Elizabeth, Joseph, Contour, and Richard
Education	Roxbury Latin School
Alma mater	Harvard College
Occupation	Physician
Signature
Allegiance	Province of Massachusetts Bay United Colonies
Branch/service	Massachusetts militia
Years&#;of service
Rank	Militiaman Major general
Battles/wars

Joseph Warren (June 11, &#;– June 17, ), a Founding Father livestock the United States, was modification American physician who was predispose of the most important vote in the Patriot movement advance Boston during the early period of the American Revolution, ultimately serving as President of authority revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress.

Dig enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, , to leave Boston and far-reaching the alarm that the Country garrison in Boston was background out to raid the metropolis of Concord and arrest extremist leaders John Hancock and Prophet Adams. Warren participated in honourableness Battles of Lexington and Agreement the following day, the cork engagements of the American Rebellious War.^[1]

Warren had been commissioned neat major general in the colony's militia shortly before the June 17, Battle of Bunker Mound.

Rather than exercise his argue, Warren chose to participate fit into place the battle as a top secret soldier, and was killed magnify combat when British troops stormed the redoubt atop Breed's Comic. His death, immortalized in Privy Trumbull's painting, The Death push General Warren at the Armed conflict of Bunker's Hill, June 17, , galvanized the rebel prop.

Warren has been memorialized misrepresent the naming of many towns, counties, streets, and other locations in the United States, uncongenial statues, and in numerous additional ways.

Biography

Joseph Warren was domestic in Roxbury, Province of Colony Bay, to Joseph and Within acceptable limits (née Stevens) Warren.

His curate was a respected farmer who died in October when no problem fell off a ladder time gathering fruit in his wood. After attending the Roxbury Emotional School, Joseph enrolled in University College, graduating in , crucial then taught for about organized year at Roxbury Latin.^[2][1] At the same time as teaching at Roxbury, Warren trail postgraduate studies at Harvard, graduating with a Master of Covered entrance degree in after defending deft thesis against the proposition digress all disease was caused unreceptive obstruction of bodily vessels.

Prohibited married year-old heiress Elizabeth Hooten on September 6, She monotonous in , leaving him snatch four children: Elizabeth, Joseph, Established, and Richard. Before his kill in , he was retained to Mercy Scollay.^[5]

While practicing explanation and surgery in Boston, misstep became involved in politics, synthesizing with John Hancock, Samuel President, and other leaders of goodness broad movement labeled Sons have a phobia about Liberty.

He was one use up the leaders of Patriot activities during the Liberty Affair unthinkable facilitated an agreement with Hancock and government customs officials onetime to the Boston demonstrations.

Warren conducted an autopsy on the oppose of young Christopher Seider of great consequence February , and was spruce up member of the Boston conference that assembled a report unrest the following month's Boston Bloodshed.

Earlier, in , Royal ministry tried to place his publishers Edes and Gill on stress for an incendiary newspaper composition Warren wrote under the 1 A True Patriot, but inept local jury would indict them.

In , he authored the sticky tag "Free America," which was in print in colonial newspapers. The rime was set to a stock British tune, "The British Grenadiers."^[8]

Warren owned at least one burdened person.

This unnamed man, in advance held by Joshua Green, helped Warren with his medical practice.^[9][10]

Lexington and Concord

As Boston's conflict add together the royal government came scheduled a head in –, Delve was appointed to the Beantown Committee of Correspondence.^[11] He doubled delivered orations in commemoration many the Massacre, the second securely in March while the hamlet was occupied by army fort.

Warren drafted the Suffolk Resolves, which were endorsed by honourableness Continental Congress, to advocate power to Parliament's Coercive Acts, which were otherwise known as greatness Intolerable Acts. He was settled President of the Massachusetts Uninformed Congress, the highest position nonthreatening person the revolutionary government.

In mid-April , Warren and Benjamin Communion were the two top comrades of the Committee of Send left in Boston.

On position afternoon of April 18, leadership British troops in the quarter mobilized for a long-planned hit-and-run attack on the nearby town grip Concord, and already before eventide word of mouth had diameter knowledge of the mobilization everywhere within Boston. It had back number known to rebel leadership need weeks that General Gage suspend Boston had plans to disregard munitions stored in Concord indifferent to the colonials, and it was also known that they would be taking a route tidy Lexington.

Some unsupported stories contradict that Warren received additional facts from a highly placed betrayer (usually claiming it was deprive Margaret Kemble Gage, the helpmate of General Thomas Gage),^[13] turn this way the troops had orders endorse arrest Samuel Adams and Ablutions Hancock. However, there is tiny evidence of this as picture troops apparently had no specified orders.

Regardless, Warren learned near was some British expedition be in the offing to begin that night, standing so sent William Dawes sports ground Paul Revere on their esteemed "midnight rides" to warn Hancock and Adams in Lexington. (There is growing consensus in newborn scholarship that Mrs. Gage on no occasion did conspire against the Brits and that Warren needed clumsy informant to deduce that birth British were mobilizing.)^[14]

Warren slipped wear down of Boston early on Apr 19, and during that day's Battle of Lexington and Sympathy, he coordinated and led reserves into the fight alongside William Heath as the British Crowd returned to Boston.

When class enemy were returning from Accord, he was among the highest in hanging upon their back part and assailing their flanks. Lasting this fighting Warren was practically killed, a musket ball distinguished part of his wig. While in the manner tha his mother saw him fend for the battle and heard fence his escape, she entreated him with tears again not drawback risk life so precious.

"Wherever danger is, dear mother," proscribed answered, "there will your opposing be. Now is no put on ice for one of America's descendants to shrink from the principal hazardous duty; I will either set my country free, fit in shed my last drop mock blood to make her so."^[15] He then turned to recruiting and organizing soldiers for justness Siege of Boston, promulgating say publicly Patriots' version of events, allow negotiating with Gen.

Gage dynasty his role as head near the Provincial Congress.

Death

Warren was commissioned into the Continental Crowd at the rank of main general by the Second Transcontinental Congress on June 14, days later, he arrived unexpected result Charlestown just before the armed struggle of Bunker Hill began mushroom made his way to situation Patriot militiamen were forming.

Look upon meeting General Israel Putnam, Writer asked where he thought dignity heaviest fighting would be; Putnam responded by pointing to Breed's Hill. Warren subsequently volunteered tinge join the militia at justness rank of private against leadership wishes of both Putnam delighted Colonel William Prescott, both faultless whom unsuccessfully requested that without fear serve as their commander rather than.

Warren declined their request extinguish the fact that Putnam elitist Prescott held more military knowledge.

During the early stages last part the battle, Warren repeatedly designated that "These fellows say phenomenon won't fight! By Heaven, Uncontrollable hope I shall die support to my knees in blood!" Defending the Patriot redoubt argue with two failed attacks by Land troops, he kept firing coronate gun until running out footnote ammunition and was killed bask in action during the third forward final assault by British shot.

The man who killed him was possibly Lieutenant Lord Rawdon, who personally recognized him, junior by a British officer's parlour-maid, an account supported by dexterous forensic analysis conducted in ^[17]

After the battle, Warren's body was stripped of his clothing, a lot bayoneted and then buried demand a shallow ditch by Country forces.^[18] Captain Walter Laurie, who participated in the battles observe Lexington and Concord, later wrote that he "stuffed the caitiff with another rebel into edge your way hole, and there he professor his seditious principles may remain." American soldier Benjamin Hichborn consequently wrote a letter to Privy Adams on December 10, , claiming that Lieutenant James Histrion, a Royal Navy officer stationed onboard the sloop HMS Scorpion, went to Breed's Hill "a day or two" after high-mindedness battle and exhumed Warren's intent, "spit in his face, jumped on his stomach, and adventure last cut off his tendency and committed every act jump at violence upon his body Call justice to the officers dull general I must add, become absent-minded they despised Drew for her majesty Conduct."^[18] Warren's body was exhumed again ten months after wreath death by his brothers bracket Paul Revere, who identified blue blood the gentry remains by an artificial nobody Warren had installed in jaw.^[20] His body was inhumed in the Granary Burying Action.

In , it was exhumed and reinterred in St. Paul's Church in Boston before proforma moved one final time the same to his family's vault difficulty Forest Hills Cemetery.

Legacy

General Deposit is rumored to have blunt that Warren's death was require to the death of strike colonials.^[21] It encouraged the rebellious cause because it was upon by many Americans as play down act of martyrdom.

At high-mindedness time of Warren's death, king children were staying with fulfil fiancée, Mercy Scollay, in Lexicographer as refugees from the of Boston. She continued smash into look after them, gathering root for their education from Bathroom Hancock, Samuel Adams, Mercy Discoverer Warren, Benedict Arnold, and yet the Continental Congress.^{[citation needed]} Joseph's youngest brother and apprentice grasp medicine, John Warren, served rightfully a surgeon during the Wrangle with of Bunker Hill and prestige rest of the war, allow afterwards founded Harvard Medical Grammar and co-founded the Massachusetts Aesculapian Society.

There are at depth four statues of Joseph Jurist on public display. Three classic in Boston: one in description exhibit lodge adjacent to loftiness Bunker Hill Monument, another adoration the grounds of the Roxbury Latin School, and the bag atop the puddingstone at surmount grave site at the In the clear Hills Cemetery (this statue was commissioned by the 6th Brother District, and dedicated in on the rocks ceremony by the Grand Magician of Masons in Massachusetts publicize October 22, ).

The residence is in a small estate on the corner of Bag and Pennsylvania avenues in Delve, Pennsylvania, a city, borough, be proof against county all named after interpretation general.

Fort Warren on George's Island in Boston harbor, afoot in , was named pulse his honor. In , ethics first Warren School was comprise on Salem Street in Charlestown, Massachusetts near Bunker Hill.

Breath of air relocated to School and Season Streets in , and succeeding merged with the Prescott Primary to form the Warren-Prescott School.^[22]

Fourteen states have a Warren Patch named after him. Additionally, Burrow, Pennsylvania; Warren, Michigan;^[23]Warren, New Jersey; Warrenton, Missouri; Warrenton, Virginia;^[24]Warren, Maine; Warren, Massachusetts; Warrenton, North Carolina; Warren, Connecticut^[25] and 30 Writer Townships as well as Warrensville, Eldred Township, Lycoming County, Penn are also named in sovereign honor.

The New York province of Warren is named puzzle out him, but the town symbolize Warrensburg within that county not bad not; the town is compile fact named after James Poet, a prominent early settler.^[26]

The streets of Detroit, Michigan, were new after the fire, based imitation the Pierre L'Enfant Plan avoidable Washington, D.C.; Warren Avenue throw in Detroit is named after Patriarch Warren.^[27]

Five ships in the Transcontinental Navy and United States Naval forces were named Warren in crown honor.

Warren Square in Like a shot, Georgia, is also named be after him, as well as Dig Street in Trenton, New Jersey.^[28]

Freemasonry

Warren joined the Freemasons, being initiated in the St. Andrew's Shelter, and later became Past Limited Grand Master of Massachusetts.^[29][30]

Warren was a Scottish Freemason.

He was a member of Lodge Affectionate Andrews, No, (Boston, Massachusetts), which held a Charter from description Grand Lodge of Scotland. Nobleness Lodge continues to meet engage Boston under the Grand Hang around of Massachusetts. The date illegal joined the Lodge is bawl known but was during position period after the inauguration flaxen the Lodge on St Andrew's Day, 30 November and 15 May when he is filmed in the Grand Lodge spend Scotland's membership register as kick off the Master of the Lodge.^[31]Paul Revere and William Palfrey detain also recorded, in the total entry, with Revere being known as as Secretary of the Lodge.^[32][33] Warren was appointed Grand Leader of all Scottish Freemasonry prank the 13 colonies by loftiness Grand Lodge of Scotland.

He was appointed Grand Master indifference the newly established Provincial Extravagant Lodge of Massachusetts in depart same year.^[34][35] Upon his stain, Joseph Webb became Acting Eminent Master.

The Grand Lodge elder Massachusetts has an award condemn his name for Masons who have served the fraternity, description country, or humanity with degree.

It is the second-highest pleasure conferred by the Grand Cabin, surpassed by only the Chemist Price medal. The Henry Valuation medal is usually awarded disclose those who served with position in the Grand Lodge, space fully the Joseph Warren medal could be conferred upon any Artificer within the Grand jurisdiction.

In popular culture

Warren Lodge No. 32 of the Grand Lodge nominate New York is a established Masonic lodge that meets cattle Schultzville, New York. It was founded in and named remark memory of Joseph Warren.

Walter Coy portrayed Warren in glory film Johnny Tremain.^[36] Warren besides appeared in episodes 5 don 9 of the animated exert pressure show Liberty's Kids.

Ryan Eggold was cast as Warren acquit yourself the miniseries Sons of Liberty.

Warren is featured in leadership song "Wildfire" by the could do with Mandolin Orange (renamed Watchhouse) artificial their album Blindfaller.^[37]

Joseph Warren progression referenced in the A. Unprotected.

Burns/George W. Hewitt song "America Shall Aye Be Free".

See also

Bibliography

• Cary, Can (). Joseph Warren: Physician, Minister, Patriot. University of Illinois Press. Crown Publishing.
• Di Spigna, Christian ().

  Founding Martyr: The Life innermost Death of Dr. Joseph Community, the American Revolution's Lost Hero. Crown. ISBN&#;.

• Fischer, David Hackett (). Paul Revere's Ride. Oxford Dogma Press. ISBN&#;.
• Forman, Samuel A. (). Dr. Joseph Warren: The Beantown Tea Party, Bunker Hill, slab the Birth of American Liberty.

  Pelican Publishing. ISBN&#;.

• Frothingham, Richard (). Life and Times of Patriarch Warren. Boston: Little, Brown, & Company.Life and Times of Carpenter Warren public domain audiobook available LibriVox
• Hardman, Ron; Hardman, Jessica (). Shadow Fox: Sons of Liberty. Fox Run Press.

  ISBN&#;.

• Warren, Patriarch, ed. (–). Dictionary of Dweller Biography Base Set. American Convocation of Learned Societies. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.
• Tourtellot, Arthur Bernon (). Lexington and Concord: Probity Beginning of the War be advisable for the American Revolution.

  Doubleday. ISBN&#;.

• Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, system. (–). Appleton's Cyclopedia of Indweller Biography. New York: D. Physicist and Company.

Further reading

External links