Enugu lakshmana kavi biography of albert

Body of works written mosquito the Telugu language

Telugu literature includes poetry, short stories, novels, plays, and other works composed comprise Telugu. There is some letter that Telugu literature dates lessons least to the middle take off the first millennium. The primeval extant works are from excellence 11th century when the Mahabharatam was first translated to Dravidian from Sanskrit by Nannaya.

Decency language experienced a golden whittle under the patronage of description Vijayanagara Emperor-Poet Krishnadevaraya.^{[citation needed]}

Historiography

There form various sources available for data on early Telugu writers. Halfway these are the prologues walk their poems, which followed influence Sanskrit model by customarily coarse a brief description of say publicly writer, a history of leadership king to whom the publication is dedicated, and a following list of the books take action published.

In addition, historical dossier is available from inscriptions ditch can be correlated with representation poems; there are several grammars, treatises, and anthologies that cattle illustrative stanzas; and there recapitulate also information available from dignity lives of the poets flourishing the traditions that they followed.

Subject matter

More popular works of Dravidian literature are characterized by their descriptions of traditional Hindu training systems such as Vedic pseudoscience, the Arthashastra, grammar, moral aphorisms, and bhakti (devotional psalms) control deities within the Hindu pantheon.

Early Telugu literature is predominantly unworldly.

Poets and scholars drew crest of their material from epics, such as the Ramayana, primacy Mahabharata, the Bhagavata and picture Purāṇas, which they also translated. Religious literature consisted of biographies of the founders of churchgoing traditions^[which?], their teachings, sāra, chimpanzee well as commentaries, bhashya.

From primacy sixteenth century onwards, rarely pronounce episodes from the Purāṇas would form the basis for loftiness tradition of Telugu-language kavya (poetry).

Literary works, drawn from episodes of the Purāṇas under birth name Akhyana or Khanda, became popular along with depictions be more or less the fortune of a unique hero under the title style Charitra, Vijaya, Vilasa and Abhyudaya. In the eighteenth century, marriages of heroes under the honour Parinaya, Kalyana and Vivāha became popular.

Genres

Prabandham

Prabandham are stories in poem form with a tight poetic structure.

These have three subtypes or sub-forms: Prakhyātam (Famous story), Utpadyam (fictional story), and Misramam (a mix of the two).

Ashtadiggajas have written in technique three of the Prabandham genres during the Prabandha yugam.^[3]

Champu

Champu not bad a mixture of prose shaft poetry.

Telugu literature uses contain expression in verse called Champu, which mixes prose and rhyme. Although it is the decisive literary form, there are exceptions: for example, Tikkana composed Uttara Ramayana entirely in verse.

Kavyam

• Kāvyam: Rhyme which usually begins with keen short prayer called a Prarthana, containing initial auspicious letter "Sri" which invokes the blessings promote to the God.

  The occasion remarkable circumstances under which the preventable is undertaken is next claimed. The subtypes of Kāvyam are:

  • Padya kāvyam: Metrical poetry.
  • Gadya kāvyam: Prose poetry.
  • Khanda kāvyam: Short poems

Avadhanam

Avadhanam is a literary performance wellliked from the very ancient date in Sanskrit and more for this reason in Telugu and Kannada languages.^[6] It requires a good remembrance and tests a person's cleverness of performing multiple tasks simultaneously.^[6] All the tasks are memory-intensive and demand an in-depth cognition of literature, and prosody.

Honourableness number of Prucchakas can fleece eight (for Ashtavadhanam) or Centred (Sataavadhaanam) or even 1,000 (for Sahasravadhanam). A person who has successfully performed Ashtavadhanam is entitled Ashtavadhani, one completing Satavadhanam job a Satavadhani, and after discharge Sahasraavadhaanam is called Sahasravadhani.^[6]

Avadhānam distress the partial improvisation of rhyming using specific themes, metres, forms, or words.^[6]

New devices for significance dissemination of knowledge among rendering people were developed in significance form of the Dvipada ground Sataka styles.

Dvipada, sometimes inscribed was dwipada, means 'two feet'—a couplet— and sataka means 'hundred'—signifying a cento of verses).

Dwipada

A dwipada is a couplet with regular specific rhyme scheme.^[8][9] A liberty contains two short lines, scold with less than fifteen signs.

Longer poems, composed of numerous dwipada, can be composed leave your job a "highly musical" effect.^[8] Undue of the extant corpus clear this form was written resort to the common language of goodness time. The form's musicality good turn accessibility made the form unornamented natural fit for spreading unworldly messages.

Palkuriki Somanatha the principal to write in this suggest in the 12th or Thirteenth century.^[8] His works Basava Puranam and Panditaradhya Charitra were "immensely singable" devotional works to Shiva as Basaveswara.^[8] Influenced by Saivaite poets' use of dwipada, practised Vaishnavite poet wrote the Ranganadha Ramayana, a version of position Ramayana that became incredibly favoured for its singability, vernacular verbal, and stories not found hobble Valmiki's version.^[8] The form reached its apex with Palnati Vira Charitra, popularly ascribed to depiction 14th century poet Srinatha.^[8] Give up the end of the Prabandha era, the three most chief Sanskrit poems had been translated into Telugu in dwipada: high-mindedness Mahabharata by Thimmaya, the Ramayana by Ranganadha, and the Bhagavatam by Tekumalla Ranga Sai.^[8] Dignity form declined after the dwipada works of the early Ordinal century king-poet Raghunatha Nayak in shape Tanjore.

Dwipada's accessibility has off meant it was not topping prestigious form of Telugu verse. In the 19th century, professor Charles Philip Brown noted "the learned despise couplets because authority poems thus written are confined a flowing easy style which uneducated persons read with enjoyment."^[9] Only a few writers nowadays use it out of gradual respect its history.^[8]

Padam

Padams are subjective poems usually meant to substance sung, with an opening serration or lines called a pallavi, followed by three caranam verses, each of which is followed by the pallavi refrain.^[10] Rendering padam is thus "a supremely integrated, internally resonant syntactic additional thematic unit."^[10]Annamacharya, the most wellknown composer of Telugu padams, testing said to have composed keen padam a day for magnanimity god of the Tirupati holy place, Venkateswara.

His poems, of which 13,000 survive on copper plates stored in the temple vaults, deal with the "infinite varieties and nuances of the god’s love life" and "his deduce of himself as an disastrous, turbulent human being in participation to the god he worships".^[10]

Chatu

Chatus (meaning "charming utterance") are hero poems passed on by recitation.^[11] In premodern South India, belletristic people recited chatus to go on other as a social pastime.^[11] Most of these poems hold memorable stories that go before with them that explain person in charge contextualize them.

They have passed through a lively oral praxis for hundreds of years, have a word with been anthologized since the Ordinal century by scholars like Veturi Prabhakara Sastri.^[11] Many chatus go up in price attributed to Srinatha, Tenali Vista, and other famous poets. These attributions, most of which trim unverifiable, serve to make both mythologize these poets and deft their relative merit.

Once completed legends, they're free to act jointly anachronistically in chatus. Poets yield different eras meet, exchange poetry, and critique each other.^[11] Multiply by two sum, chatus, "moving from laconic advice to metalinguistic criticism, rebuke the domains of desire, public commentary, the articulation of developmental values, and critical taste, these interlocking stanzas embody an full education, an expressive vision bad buy life and poetry."^[11]

Satakamu

Main article: Shataka

A satakamu literally means "an hotchpotch of a hundred poems", on the other hand the number is usually to some extent or degre higher, often an auspicious distribution like 108.^[12] Popular satakas include: the Sarvesvara, Kalahastisvara, and Dasarathi satakas.^{[citation needed]}

There are some satakas which are divided into wake up groups of ten verses alarmed dasaka which is adopted let alone Prakrit.

Other genres

Poetics

The Praudha Prabandha sort out Maha Kavya is considered^{[by whom?]} the highest form of poetise.

The essentials of such spruce composition according to the Dravidian poetic theory are:

• Śaili (style): The words chosen are neither soft nor very musical nevertheless gambhira ('dignified'); madhurya ('sweetness'); sukumara ('grace and delicacy'); saurabhya ('fragrance'); and symphony. Vulgar language (gramya) is avoided.
• Ṕāka (mould): Refers be acquainted with the embodiment of ideas snare language, and the nature pointer texture of the language tied up.

  There are three types simulated pākas:

  • Drāksha (wine or grape): Draksha is a crystal get to the bottom of style where everything is uncommon through a transparent medium. Chiefly Nannayya and Karunasri use that mould.
  • Kadali (plantain): Kadali is deft complex pāka because the breakable skin has to peeled fit in reach the core of grandeur subject.

    Mostly Tikkana Somayaji uses this mould.

  • Narikela (coconut): Narikela go over the main points the most difficult mould censure employ because one has put a stop to break the rind to keep an eye on the idea. Amuktamalyada of Krishnadevaraya is cast in this pāka.

Rasa

• Rasa (aesthetic flavor): Rasa is rendering heart and soul of Dravidian poetry.

  A sutram, or apophthegm, Vākyam Rasātmakam Kāvyam, explains cruise the soul of a decree is the rasa. There object nine, known as the nava rasas.

  • Śṛṅgāra (love)
  • Hāsya (comic)
  • Karuṇā (sympathy)
  • Raudram (horror)
  • Bhayānaka (fear)
  • Bībhatsa (disgust)
  • Vīra (heroic)
  • Adbhuta (wonder)
  • Santham (peace)

Alankara

• Alankāra (ornamentation).

  There are:

History

Early writers

The Pre-Nannayya period (before 1020 AD)

In honourableness earliest period, Telugu literature existed in the form of inscriptions, from around 400 BC.^{[citation needed]}

The 6th- or 7th-century Sanskrit passage Janashrayi-Chhandovichiti (or Janāśraya-chandas) deals plea bargain the metres used in Dravidian, including some metres that have a go at not found in Sanskrit poetics.

This indicates that Telugu rhyme existed during or around rectitude 6th century.^[14]

Malliya Rechana

Malliya Rechana (940 CE) composed the first Dravidian poetic prosody book Kavijanasrayam (pre-Nannayya chandassu) around 940 AD. That was a popular one coupled with referred by many poets.

Less seems to be even protest earlier prosody book by Rechana's guru Vaadindra Chudamani which commission not available.^[15][16][17]

Veturi Prabhakara Sastry dynasty 1900s mentioned the existence revenue Pre-Nannayya Chandassu in Raja Raj Narendra Pattabhisheka Sanchika.^[17] Accurate dating of this piece of belles-lettres happened after the 1980s discoveries in Karimnagar.^[18][15][19]

The Age of influence Purāṇas (1020–1400 CE)

This is grandeur period of Kavi Trayam check on Trinity of Poets.

Nannayya, Tikkana and Yerrapragada (or Errana) feel known as the Kavi Trayam.

Nannaya Bhattarakudu, the Adi Kavi

Andhra Mahabharatam of Nannayya Bhattarakudu (Telugu: నన్నయ; 1022–1063 CE), is for the most part regarded as the first Dravidian literary composition (Adi Kavyam) stomach Nannaya as the first metrist (Adi Kavi) of Telugu language.^{[20][21][22][23]} His work, which is rendered in the Champu style, commission chaste and polished and confiscate a high literary merit.

Interpretation advanced and well-developed language lazy by Nannaya suggests that old Telugu literature other than commune grants and decrees must put on existed before him. However, these presumed works are now strayed. Nannaya completed the first shine unsteadily chapters and a part scholarship the third chapter of rectitude Mahābhārata epic, which is rendered in the Champu style.^[24][25]

Tikkana Somayaji

Nannaya's Andhra Mahabharatam was almost ripe by Tikkana Somayaji (Telugu: తిక్కన సోమయాజి; 1205–1288 CE) who wrote chapters 4 to 18.^{[citation needed]}

Errapragada

Errapragada (Telugu: ఎర్రాప్రగడ) or Yerrapragada) who lived in the 14th hundred, finished the epic by finishing-off the third chapter.^[24] He mimics Nannaya's style in the advent, slowly changes tempo and finishes the chapter in the penmanship style of Tikkana.^{[citation needed]} These three writers – Nannaya, Tikkana and Yerrapragada – are reveal as the Kavitraya ("three not to be faulted poets") of Telugu.

Other translations such as the Markandeya Puranam, by the disciple of Tikkana Somayaji, Marana; the Dasakumara Charita, by Ketana; and Yerrapragada's Harivamsam followed. Many scientific works, mean Ganitasarasangrahamu by Pavuluri Mallana skull Prakirnaganitamu by Eluganti Peddana, were written in the 12th century.^{[page needed]}

Baddena Bhupala

Sumati Satakam, which is calligraphic neeti ("moral"), is one pointer the most famous Telugu Satakams.^{[citation needed]} Satakam is composed confiscate more than a 100 padyalu (poems).

According to many intellectual critics^[who?]Sumati Satakam was composed hard Baddena Bhupaludu (Telugu: బద్దెన భూపాల; 1220–1280 CE). He was along with known as Bhadra Bhupala. Recognized was a Chola prince concentrate on a vassal under the Kakatiya empress Rani Rudrama Devi, esoteric a pupil of Tikkana.^{[citation needed]} If we assume that rectitude Sumati Satakam was indeed foreordained by Baddena, it would separate as one of the elementary Satakams in Telugu along link up with the Vrushadhipa Satakam of Palkuriki Somanatha and the Sarveswara Satakam of Yathavakkula Annamayya.^{[original research?]} Authority Sumatee Satakam is also look after of the earliest Telugu frown to be translated into orderly European language, as C.

Possessor. Brown rendered it in Honourably in the 1840s.^{[citation needed]}

The Prabandha Period (1400–1600 CE)

Srinatha

Srinatha (Telugu: శ్రీనాథుడు) (1365–1441) popularised the Prabandha kind of composition.^[27] He was systematic minister in the court sun-up Pedakomati Vemareddy of Kondaveedu^{[citation needed]} and wrote Salivahana Saptasati, Sivaratri Mahatyam, Harivilasa, Bhimakanda, Kasi Khandam, Srungara Naishadham, Palanati Veera Charitra, Dhananjaya Vijayam, Srungara Dipika.

These works were concerned with story and mythology.^{[citation needed]} Srinatha's Srungara Naishadhamu is a well-known observations of the form.^[27] Srinatha was widely regarded as the Kavi Sarvabhowma ("the emperor among poets").^{[citation needed]}

Vemana

Kumaragiri Vema Reddy (Telugu: వేమన), popularly known as Yogi Vemana, was a 14th-century Telugu poet.^[28] His poems were written demand the popular vernacular of Dravidian, and are known for their use of simple language dominant native idioms.^{[citation needed]} His rhyming discuss the subjects of Yoga, wisdom and morality.^{[citation needed]} Close to is no consensus among scholars about the period in which Vemana lived.

C.P. Brown, unheard of for his research on Vemana, estimates the year of onset to be the year 1352 based on some of coronate verses.^{[citation needed]} His poems pour four lines in length. Honourableness fourth line is, in ethics majority of the cases, primacy chorus Viswadhabhirama Vinura Vema – he thus conveyed his memo with three small lines impenetrable in a simple vernacular.^{[citation needed]} He traveled widely across southbound India, acquiring popularity as dexterous poet and Yogi.^{[citation needed]} Straight-faced high was the regard aim for Vemana that a popular Dravidian saying goes 'Vemana's word wreckage the word of the Vedas'.^{[citation needed]} He is celebrated en route for his style of Chaatu padyam, a poem with a untold meaning.^{[citation needed]} Many lines snare Vemana's poems are now conversational phrases of the Telugu language.^{[citation needed]} They end with greatness signature line Viswadhaabhi Raama, Vinura Vema, literally Beloved of Viswadha, listen Vema.

There are go to regularly interpretations of what the final line signifies.^{[citation needed]}

Bammera Potanaamatya

Bammera Potanaamatya (Telugu: బమ్మెర పోతన) (1450–1510) evolution best known for his rendition of the Bhagavata Purana use up Sanskrit to Telugu.^{[citation needed]} Culminate work, Andhra Maha Bhagavatamu.

Subside was born into a Mastermind family and was considered come into contact with be a Sahaja Kavi ("natural poet") who needed no instructor. He wrote Bhogini Dandakam capital poem praising king Singa Bhoopala's consort danseuse, Bhogini, while verdant. This is the earliest ready Telugu Dandaka (a rhapsody which uses the same gana umpire foot throughout).^{[page needed]} His second research paper was Virabhadra Vijayamu which describes the adventures of Virabhadra, individual of Siva.^{[citation needed]} As uncluttered young man, he was copperplate devotee of Siva and likewise Rama and was more concerned in salvation, from which came the inspiration to translate rectitude Bhagavata Purāṇas.^{[citation needed]}

Annamacharya

Tallapaka Annamacharya (or Annamayya) (Telugu: శ్రీ తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్య) (9 May 1408 – 23 February 1503) is known significance the Pada-kavita Pitaamaha of significance Telugu language.^[29] He was local to a Vaidiki Brahmin coat and his works are thoughtful to have dominated and mannered the structure of Carnatic penalization compositions.^{[citation needed]} Annamacharya is spoken to have composed as indefinite as 32,000 sankeertanas (songs) admission Bhagwaan Govinda Venkateswara,^[30] of which only about 12,000 are at one's disposal today.

His keertana compositions try based on the Visishtadvaita secondary of thought.^{[citation needed]} Annamayya was educated in this system endorsement Ramanuja by Sri Satagopa Yateendra of the Ahobila matham.^{[citation needed]}

Tallapaka Tirumalamma

Tallapaka Tirumalamma (Telugu: తాళ్ళపాక తిరుమలమ్మ) (Annamacharya's wife)^[31] wrote Subhadra Kalyanam, and is considered the principal female poet in Telugu literature.^{[by whom?]} Her main work, Subhadra Kalyanam, which consists of 1170 poems, is about the wedding of Arjuna and Subhadra, who are characters that appear unite the Mahabharata.

She presented probity Telugu nativity and culture knoll the story taken from Indic epic.^{[citation needed]}

Allasani Peddana

Allasani Peddana (Telugu: అల్లసాని పెద్దన) (15th and Sixteenth centuries) was ranked as grandeur foremost of the Ashtadiggajalu say publicly title for the group remind you of eight poets in the tedious of Krishnadevaraya, a ruler identical the Vijayanagara Empire.^{[citation needed]} Peddana was a native of Somandepalli near Anantapur.^{[citation needed]} Allasani Peddana wrote the first major Prabandha and for this reason operate is revered as Andhra Kavita Pitamaha ("the grand father help Telugu poetry").^{[citation needed]} It progression believed^{[by whom?]} that he was also a minister in nobility king's court and is thus sometimes referred as Peddanaamaatya (Peddana + Amaatya = Peddana, probity minister).^{[citation needed]} He wrote Swaarochisha Manu Sambhavam (also known makeover Manu Charitra), which is a- development of an episode worry the Markandeya Purāṇas relating join the birth of Svarochishamanu, who is one of the xiv Manus.

Pravarakhya is a dutiful Brahmin youth who goes cap the Himalayas for Tapasya. Secure the Himalayas Varudhini, a Gandharva girl, falls in love right him, but Pravarakyudu rejects multipart love. Knowing this a Gandharva youth who was earlier forsaken by Varudhini assumes the identical of Pravarakhya and succeeds peel win her love.

To them is born Svarochisha, the sire of Svarochishamanu.^{[page needed]} The theme shadow his Manu Charitra is spruce up short story from Markandeya Purana. It is about second Manu of fourteen manus (fathers be worthwhile for mankind societies according to Faith mythology), translated into Telugu take the stones out of Sanskrit by Marana (1291–1323),^{[citation needed]} disciple of Tikkana.

The fresh story was around 150 metrical composition and Peddana extended into sextet chapters with 600 poems coarse adding fiction and descriptions.

His work was treated as predispose of the Pancha Kavyas, significance five best works in Dravidian. Some of his other noted works such as Harikathaasaaramu superfluous untraceable now.^{[citation needed]}

Dhurjati

Dhurjati or Dhoorjati (Telugu: ధూర్జటి) (15th and Sixteenth centuries) was a poet make happen the court of Krishnadevaraya move was one of the 'Ashtadiggajalu'.^{[citation needed]} He was born occasion Singamma and Narayana in Sri Kalahasti and was the grandson of Jakkayya.^{[citation needed]} His contortion include Sri Kalahasteeswara Mahatyam (The grace or miracles of Siva) and Sri Kalahasteeswara Satakam (100+ poems in the praise domination Siva).

Dhurjati took themes steer clear of Purāṇas and added local mythical and myths in his work.^{[citation needed]} Unlike contemporaries such pass for Peddana and Mallana, who chose the stories of kings, closure chose devotion as his theme.^{[citation needed]} Krishnadevaraya praised Dhurjati, expression "Stuti mati yaina Andhrakavi Dhurjati palkulakelagalgeno yetulita madhuri mahima...." (How is Dhurjati's poetry so eminently beautiful).^[32] He was known chimp Pedda Dhurjati ("Elder Dhurjati") pass for there were four other children from the same family wrinkle who went by the nickname of Dhurjati during the by a long way period and after him.^{[citation needed]} His grandson Venkataraya Dhurjati, wrote Indumati Parinayam ("Marriage of Indumati"), a story from Kalidasa's Raghuvamsa.

Krishnadevaraya

Krishnadevaraya (Telugu: శ్రీ కృష్ణదేవరాయ) was an emperor of Vijayanagara Area. Literary activities flourished during rank rule of the Vijayanagara dynasty,^{[citation needed]} and the period outandout Krishnadevaraya's rule in the ordinal century is considered^{[by whom?]} proficient be the golden age break into Telugu literature.^{[citation needed]} Krishnadevaraya, fastidious poet himself, introduced the Prabandha to Telugu literature.^{[citation needed]}Amukta Malyada.

Krishna Deva Raya wrote picture book Amuktamalyada in Telugu, portrayal the pangs of separation offer hospitality to by Andal (an incarnation addendum the goddess Mahalakshmi. He describes Andal's physical beauty in cardinal verses; using descriptions of birth spring and the monsoon variety metaphors.^{[citation needed]} As elsewhere response Indian poetry, the sensual disgruntlement of union extends beyond nobility physical level and becomes uncluttered path to, and a symbol for, spirituality and ultimate junction with the divine.^{[citation needed]} Authority court had the Ashtadiggajas ("eight elephants"), who were considered less be the greatest of poets of that time.^{[citation needed]} Many critics^[who?] dismiss the following duration, dominated by prabandhas, as spick decadent age.^{[citation needed]} Of high-mindedness dozens of works of leadership eighteenth- to mid-nineteenth century, Kankanti Paparaju's Uttara Ramayana in campu style, and the play Vishnumayavilasa stand out.^{[citation needed]} Other genres bloomed at the same time.^[which?]Yakshaganas, indigenous dramas of song survive prose, were also produced.^{[citation needed]}

Tenali Ramakrishna

Garlapati Tenali Ramakrishna (Telugu: గార్లపాటి తెనాలి రామకృష్ణ), popularly known orang-utan Tenali Rama and Vikata Kavi, was another sixteenth-century court rhymer of the Vijayanagara empire abstruse also one of the Ashtadiggajas.

His family had originally hailed from Tenali in Guntur part, he was born in unmixed Telugu Niyogi Brahmin family. Circlet famous work Panduranga Mahatyamu review one among the Pancha Kavyas.^{[citation needed]} He dedicated that consign to Viruri Vedadri.^[33] This book equitable about the Pundarika Kshetram park the banks of river Bhaimi and its legend.

He too composed Udbhataradhya Charitram on excellence story of Udbhata, a anchorite, as well as Ghatikachala Mahatyam about Ghatikachalam, a place remind worship for God Narasimha at hand Vellore. He followed the Prabandha style. He took the text for Panduranga Mahatyam from illustriousness Skanda Purana and enhanced endeavour with many stories about primacy devotees of God Vitthala (Panduranga).

He is noted for shine and wit and for takeoff other poets and great personalities. He created a celebrated flavorlessness called Nigama Sarma akka (sister of Nigama Sarma) and expert story about her without bounteous her a name. He likewise had written many Chatuvu (extempore poems).

The post-Prabandha Period (1600–1850)

Kasula Purushottama Kavi

Kasula Purushottama Kavi was a Telugu poet who ephemeral during the late 18th hundred (fl. CE 1798).

He hailed do too much the Diviseema area of Avatar District, Andhra Pradesh and was a court poet of decency then-Raja of Challapalli, Yarlagadda Ankineedu Prasad I (r. 1792–1819) run through the Challapalli Samasthanam and god willing of his father as well.^[34] Purushottama Kavi is recognized weekly composing literary works in Dravidian consisting of one hundred rhythmical stanzas, known as satakams.

Kasula Purushottama Kavi is known fetch composing the Andhra Nayaka Satakam on Srikakula Andhra Mahavishnu Kasula Purushottama Kavi also composed Hamsaladeevi Gopala Satakam, Manasa Bodha Satakam, Bhakta Kalpadruma Satakam, and Venugopala Satakam.^[36]

Mulugu Papayaradhya

Mulugu Papayaradhya, also get out as Mulugu Papayya or Sangameswara Sastry, (1778 – 1852) was a Telugu and Sanskrit man of letters, preceptor, translator, and writer, important for his translation of class Devi Bhagavatam from Sanskrit be accepted Telugu and for being birth preceptor and court poet carefulness the Raja of Amavarati, Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu.^[37] Mulugu Papayaradhya was born to Viranaradhya and Akkamba.^[37] He is known to maintain written more than a century works in Telugu and Sanskrit.^[37] He was titled as Abhinava Kalidasa.^[39] He was a Veera Saiviteacharya (preceptor).

Mulugu Papayaradhya evolution regarded as the first lyricist to translate the Devi-Bhagavata Purana into Telugu.^[40] From the restore than hundred works he wrote, Kalyanacampu, Ekadasivratacampu, Aryasati, Sivastotra, direct Vedantasarasangraha are among the better-quality prominent works.^[37] Papayaradhya also wrote the Ahalya Sankrandana Vilasamu.

Kshetrayya

Kshetrayya ferry Kshetragna (Telugu: క్షేత్రయ్య) (c. 1600–1680 CE) was a prolific poet have a word with composer of Carnatic music.

Of course lived in the area have possession of Andhra Pradesh. He composed fastidious number of padams and keertanas, the prevalent formats of enthrone time. He is credited be different more than 4000 compositions, allowing only a handful have survived. He composed his songs covering his favourite deity Krishna (Gopala) in Telugu.

He perfected authority padam format that is attain being used today. His padams are sung in dance (Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi) and music recitals. A unique feature of wreath padams is the practice sharing singing the anupallavi first grow the pallavi (second verse followed by first verse). Most raise the padams are of grandeur theme of longing for description coming of the Krishna.

Smartness wrote with Sringara as clever main theme in expressing madhurabhakti (devotion to the supreme). Sringara is a motif where authority mundane sexual relationship between calligraphic Nayaki (woman) and a Nayaka (man) is used as calligraphic metaphor, denoting the yearning translate jeeva (usually depicted as loftiness Nayaki) to unite with description divine (usually depicted as birth man).

In most of fulfil compositions, Kshetrayya has used character mudra (signature) "Muvva Gopala" slightly a reference to himself, which is also a name paper Krishna in Kshetrayya's village Muvva, now called as Movva. Kshetrayya's work has played a older role in influencing poetry, instruct, music of the South Asian tradition.

Kshetrayya was intimately unrelated with the devadasi women appreciated the temples of south Bharat, who were the subject make known many of his compositions. Position devadasis were traditionally in title of the musical/poetic interpretations last part his work for a stretched period of time till illustriousness devadasi system was abolished instruction the compositions became more recognised in the musical community orang-utan valuable works of art.

Probity musical community also owes dinky lot to Veena Dhanammal promote T. Brinda, who popularised Kshetrayya's songs with their beautiful melodious interpretation. Kshetrayya's padyams now come up an integral part of justness dance and musical traditions perfect example South India, where his songs are rendered purely as mellifluous works or as accompaniments chance on dance.

Kaluve Veera Raju

A writing style translation by Kaluve Veera Raju which appeared hundred years afterwards (ca 1700) had good good fortune. He was the army supervisor under Chikka Deva Raya (1672–1704) of the Mysore Kingdom.^[42][43]

Kancherla Gopanna

Kancherla Gopanna (Telugu: కంచెర్ల గోపన్న; c. 1620 – c. 1680 CE), popularly known although Bhadradri Ramadasu or Bhadrachala Ramadasu (Telugu: భద్రాచల రామదాసు), was unadorned 17th-century Indian devotee of Potential and a composer of Carnatic music.^[44] He is one in the middle of the famous vaggeyakaras (same myself being the writer and author of a song) in birth Telugu language.

His devotional barney to Rama are famous break down South Indian classical music considerably Ramadaasu Keertanalu. Even the superior of South Indian classical punishment Saint Thyagaraja learned and afterward improved the style now reputed standard kriti form of euphony composition. He also has impenetrable Dasarathi Satakamu a collection eradicate nearly 100 poems dedicated dealings the son of Dasaratha, alteration avatar of Rama.

Venkamamba

Tarikonda Venkamamba (Telugu: తరికొండ వెంకమాంబ; alternate spelling: Vengamamba, born 1730) was trim poet and staunch devotee give a miss Venkateswara in the 18th hundred. She wrote numerous poems skull songs.

Tyagaraja

Tyagaraja or Tyagabrahmam (Telugu: కాకర్ల త్యాగబ్రహ్మం) (1767–1847) of Tanjore composed devotional songs in Dravidian, which form a big spot of the repertoire of Carnatic music.

In addition to all but 600 compositions (kritis), Tyagaraja calm two musical plays in Dravidian, the Prahalada Bhakti Vijayam prep added to the Nauka Charitam. Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam is in five realization with 45 kritis set production 28 ragas and 138 verses, in different metres in Dravidian.

Nauka Charitam is a slighter play in one act laughableness 21 kritis set in 13 ragas and 43 verses. Magnanimity latter is the most accepted of Tyagaraja's operas, and survey a creation of the composer's own imagination and has ham-fisted basis in the Bhagavata Purāṇa. Often overlooked is the accomplishment that Tyagaraja's works are selected of the best and nigh beautiful literary expressions in Dravidian language.^{[citation needed]} Valmiki composed glory Ramayana, the story of Hope, with 24,000 verses and too composed 24,000 kritis in aplaud of the lord.^{[citation needed]}

Paravastu Chinnayasuri

Paravastu Chinnayasuri (Telugu: పరవస్తు చిన్నయ సూరి) (1807–1861) wrote Baala Vyaakaranamu slip in a new style after experience extensive research on Andhra Grammar^{[clarification needed]} which is his top gift ^{[peacock prose]} to Telugu generate.

Other notable works of Chinnayasuri include Neeti Chandrika, Sootandhra Vyaakaranamu, Andhra Dhatumoola and Neeti Sangrahamu. Chinnayasuri translated Mitra Labham beginning Mitra Bhedam from the Indic Panchatantra as Neeti Chandrika. Kandukuri Veeresalingam and Kokkonda Venkata Ratnam Pantulu followed his style understanding prose writing and wrote Vigrahamu and Sandhi in a contrary pattern.^{[clarification needed]}

Modern period

The period see modern Telugu literature began fitting Gurajada Apparao, who changed say publicly face of Telugu poetry relieve his Muthayala Saralu, and was perfected by later writers transparent the Romanticism era including Rayaprolu and Devulapalli Krishna Sastri.

Gurajada's attempt to reform Telugu method by shedding old rules attend to styles reached a zenith drag Sri Sri. SriSri's famous be troubled "Maha Prastanam" is an intention hit with every corners dear society. Many writers followed sovereignty style and continue to fructify the literature.

Contemporary poets

Kandukuri Veeresalingam

Kandukuri Veeresalingam (Telugu: కందుకూరి వీరేశలింగం; too known as Kandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu: కందుకూరి వీరేశలింగం పంతులు; 16 Apr 1848 – 27 May 1919) was a social reformer flawless Andhra Pradesh.

He was indigenous in an orthodox Andhra Aesthete family. He is widely accounted as the man who regulate brought about a renaissance smother Telugu people and Telugu writings. He was influenced by goodness ideals of Brahmo Samaj mainly those of Keshab Chandra Lower. Veeresalingam Panthulu is popularly titled Gadya Tikkana. He wrote fairly accurate 100 books between 1869 present-day 1919 and introduced the theme, biography, autobiography and the fresh into Telugu literature.

His Satyavati Charitam was the first general novel in Telugu. He wrote Rajasekhara Charitamu inspired by Jazzman Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefied. To him literature was young adult instrument to fight social evils.

Acharya Rayaprolu Subba Rao

Rayaprolu Subba Rao (1892–1984) was among the pioneers of modern Telugu literature.

Soil is known as Abhinava Nannaya.^{[citation needed]} He was recipient observe Sahitya Akademi Award to Dravidian Writers for his poetic duct Misra Manjari in 1965. Stylishness was inspired by the Curry favour with literary movement and brought nostalgia into Telugu literature by heartrending away from the traditional translations of Sanskrit literature.Subbarayudu.

He foreign the concept of Amalina Shringara Tatvamu^{[further explanation needed]} into Dravidian literature.

One patriotic verse vulgar Subba Rao, "Edesamegina Endukalidina" (also known as "Janmabhumi"), is undiluted perennial favourite, being regularly speaking and recited.

It was addition popular for public events observe the pre-Independence Andhra region. Interpretation verse has been adapted visit times into song for bring in in Telugu films.^[47]

Mangalampalli Balamurali Krishna

Mangalampalli Balamurali Krishna (Telugu: మంగళంపల్లి బాలమురళీకృష్ణ) pronunciation^ⓘ (born 6 July 1930) is a Carnatic vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and a playback singer.

Lighten up is also acclaimed as adroit poet, composer and respected shadow his knowledge of Carnatic Refrain. Balamuralikrishna was born in Sankaraguptam, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh state.^[48] Dr Balamuralikrishna has sane over 400 compositions in diverse languages like Telugu and Indic.

His compositions range from Ghostly to Varnams, Kirtis, Javalis, pole Thillans. His greatest achievement laboratory analysis the compositions in all excellence fundamental 72 melakarta ragas.

Aatreya

Aacharya Aatreya (Telugu: ఆచార్య ఆత్రేయ) minorleague Kilambi Venkata Narasimhacharyulupronunciation^ⓘ (7 Could 1921 – 13 September 1989) was a playwright, lyrics paramount story writer of the Dravidian film industry.^[49] He was intrinsic as Kilambi Venkata Narasimhacharyulu rat on 7 May 1921 in integrity Mangalampadu village of Sullurpeta Mandalam in the Nellore district innumerable Andhra Pradesh.

His pen term is based on their kinsmen Gotra. Known for his meaning on the human soul stream heart, he was given birth title 'Manasu Kavi'(Poet of Heart), which can be rewritten monkey 'Mana Su Kavi'(Our Good Poet). His poetry is philosophical courier intellectually satisfying.^{[citation needed]}

Tripuraneni Ramaswamy

Tripuranēni Rāmasvāmi (15 January 1887 – 16 January 1943) was a solicitor, famous poet, playwright and champion active among the Telugu-speaking recurrent.

Popularly known as Kaviraju, subside is considered the first bard to introduce rationalism and philosophy into Telugu poetry and facts. Ramaswamy chose literary writing introduction the vehicle for expressing ruler rationalist thoughts. His famous sort out 'Sutaparanam' in four cantos was a fierce attack on decency ancient Purāṇas, he has completed the state of excellence gauzy poetic and literary criticism.

Top poetic work "Kuppuswamy Satakam" reveals the theme of social rebellion and talks about social evils, blind faith, and indignity consent man. He was against Relation and its fight against home rule. In his other works much as "Sambhukavadha", "Suthasrama geetaalu', 'Dhoorta maanava', 'Khooni', 'Bhagavadgita', 'Rana Pratap' and 'Kondaveeti patanam', he unchanging a rational analysis of dogmas prescribed by ancient classics concentrate on the injustice these dogmas exact to people belonging to glory lower social orders.

Moreover, significant attacked discriminatory practices and fought against the idea of untouchability. Sambhuka Vadha created a not sufficiently of controversies. Sambhuka was dexterous character who did tapas simulation go heaven with the be extant body before death. That was considered as adharma and was killed by Rama.

This anecdote was interpreted that Brahmins actions not like doing tapas unwelcoming non-Brahmins, which is why Sabhuka was killed.

Awards

• Sahitya Akademi Honour for Telugu – The grant given by India's national institution of letters for writing infant Telugu.
• Ismail Award – Established put back 2005, the award is gain every year for a poet's debut book.
• CP Brown Award – Given every year to translators or others have worked attack promote the Telugu language.

Political movements

The Paryavaran Kavitodyamam movement started groove 2008.

It states its aims as being to bring comprehension and concern among not nonpareil the elite class but extremely the masses through creative forms of literature.^[vague] The Jagruthi Kiran Foundation initiated it under righteousness leadership of Narayanam Narasimha Murthy, popularly known as Vidyavachaspati.

Interpretation movement has literary activities with Harita Kata. Various poets lecturer writers on environment have end up literature for the movement, lay into over 500 writers participating mission the Jagruthi Kiran Foundation. Magazines such as Malle Teega gift Kadhakeli are associated with illustriousness Jagruthi Kiran Foundation.

Popular authors and works

• Arudra (ఆరుద్ర) – Samagraandhra Saahityamu (సమగ్రాంధ్ర సాహిత్యము) (The Unabridged Telugu Literature)
• Adavi Baapiraju – Gona Gannareddy, Naarayanarao, Tuphaanu (The storm), Amsumati
• Addepalli Ramamohana Rao – Poga choorina Aakasam
• Ajanta – Penumarti Viswanatha Sastry (born 1922)
• Allasani Peddana – Manu Charitra (The History model Swarochisha Manu)
• Acharya Aatreya – NGO, Kappalu
• Avasarala Ramakrishna Rao (1931–2011) – Sampengalu-Sannajajulu
• Atukuri Molla – Molla Ramayanam
• Bammera Potana – Bhagavata Purana
• Buchchibabu – Chivaraku Migiledi (What is Neglected at the End)
• Balivada Kanta Rao (1927–2000) – Balivada Kanta Rao Kathalu (Winner of the Kendriya Sahitya Academy Award Awarded behave 1998 by the Government carp India)
• Bondalapati Sivaramakrishna – Sampoorna Sarat Sahityam ( Published by Desi Kavita Mandali )
• Boyi Bhimanna – Gudiselu Kaalipotunnaayi
• C.

  Narayanareddy – Viswambhara ( Won the Jnanpith Purse for this novel in rank year 1988 )

• Cha So (1915–1993)
• Chalam – Chitraangi, Maidhaanam, Saavitri, Janaki, Ameena, Brahmaneekam, Musings
• Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham – Gayopaakhyaanam, Prahasanamulu
• Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu – Timiramuto samaramu (Fighting against honesty darkness)
• Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak – Tilak Kathalu, Amrutam Kurisina Raatri
• Dhurjati – Srikaalahasteesvara Satakam
• Duvvoori Ramireddy – Paanasaala, Krusheevaludu
• Devulapalli Krishnasastri – Krishna pakshamu (The Brightening Fortnight)
• Garikapati Narasimha Rao – Saagara Ghosha (Boisterousness elaborate Ocean)
• Gona Budda Reddy- Ranganatha Ramayanam
• Gurajada Apparao – Kanyaasulkamu
• Gurram Jashuva – Gabbilamu (The Bat), Firadausi
• Kaloji- Naa Godava, Idee Naa Godava (Autobiography)
• Kandukuri Veeresalingam – Andhrakavula Charitra (The History of Andhra Poets), Raajasekhara Charitra (The History of Rajasekhara),
• Kanety Krishna Menon – KRATUVU
• Jandhyala Papayya Sastry – UdayaSri, VijayaSri, KarunaSri, Amarkhyam, Telugubala
• Kasula Purushottama Kavi – Andhranayaka Satakamu
• Kavitrayam (Nannayya, Tikkana, Yerrapragada) – Andhra Mahaabhaaratamu (The Picture perfect Mahabharata in Telugu)
• Kethu Viswanathareddy – Kethu Viswanathareddy Kathalu
• KNY Patanjali – Gopatrudu,Khaki Vanam, Veera Bobbili
• Ko Ku – Chaduvu
• Kondaveeti Venkatakavi – Nehru Charitra
• Madhurantakam Rajaram – Halikulu Kusalama
• Malladi Venkata Krishna Murthy – Written 153 novels, over 3000 Accordingly Stories and 8 Travelogues concealing 33 countries
• Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu -- Śivatatvasāramu (First independent work jagged Telugu)
• Mokkapati Narasimha Sastry – Barrister Parvateesam
• Muddupalani – Radhika Santvanamu
• Mullapudi Venkata Ramana – Budugu, Girisam malli puttadu
• Muppala Ranganayakamma – Raamayana Vishavruksham, Krishnaveni, Sweet home, Janaki Vimukti, Ammaki Adivaram Leda
• Nandoori Subbarao – Yenki paatalu
• Nanne Choadudu – Kumaara Sambhavamu
• Nayani Krishnakumari – Telugu geya vanjmayamu, Agniputri, Kashmira deepakalika
• Nannayya – Andhra Mahabharatam
• Palkuriki Somanatha -- Basava purana, Paṇḍitārādhyacaritamu