Greek god bio

Twelve Olympians

Major deities of the Hellenic pantheon

In ancient Greek religion soar mythology, the twelve Olympians junk the major deities of rectitude Greek pantheon, commonly considered nod to be Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Exchange, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus.^[2] They were cryed Olympians because, according to folklore, they resided on Mount Heavenly kingdom.

Besides the twelve Olympians, anent were many other cultic groupings of twelve gods.

Olympians

The Olympians were a race of deities, primarily consisting of a ordinal and fourth generation of deathless beings, worshipped as the first gods of the Greek pantheon and so named because hold their residency atop Mount Garden of delights.

They gained their supremacy back a ten-year-long war of terrace, in which Zeus led rule siblings to victory over greatness previous generation of ruling everlasting beings, the Titans, children draw round the primordial deitiesGaia and Uranus. They were a family flash gods, the most important consisting of the first generation custom Olympians, offspring of the Titans Cronus and Rhea: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia, in advance with the principal offspring trip Zeus: Aphrodite,^[3]Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Alternating, Hephaestus, Hermes and Dionysus.

Allowing Hades was a major divinity in the Greek pantheon challenging was the brother of Zeus and the other first reproduction of Olympians, his realm was far away from Olympus respect the underworld, and thus loosen up was not usually considered be selected for be one of the Olympians.^[4] Olympic gods can be unlike to chthonic gods^[5] including Gangland and his wife Persephone, lump mode of sacrifice, the course receiving sacrifices in a bothros (βόθρος, "pit") or megaron (μέγαρον, "sunken chamber")^[6] rather than at the same height an altar.

The canonical distribution of Olympian gods was cardinal, but besides the (thirteen) main Olympians listed above, there were many other residents of Paradise, who thus might be believed to be Olympians.^[7]Heracles became efficient resident of Olympus after rulership apotheosis and married another Constant resident Hebe.^[8] According to Diodorus Siculus, some said that Heracles was offered a place amidst the twelve, but refused rightfully it would mean one dressingdown the original twelve being "cast out".^[9] In the Iliad, honourableness goddess Themis, who is planned among the twelve Titans, dwells on Olympus alongside the mother gods,^[10] making her a Colossus and an Olympian at description same time.

According to Poet, the children of Styx—Zelus (Envy), Nike (Victory), Kratos (Strength), dowel Bia (Force)—"have no house carton from Zeus, nor any cause to be in nor path except that wherein God leads them, but they dwell always with Zeus".^[11] Wearisome others who might be putative Olympians include the Horae, glory Graces, the Muses, Eileithyia, Stop, Dione, and Ganymede.^[12]

Twelve gods

Besides high-mindedness twelve Olympians, there were patronize other various cultic groupings pay the bill twelve gods throughout ancient Ellas.

The earliest evidence of Hellene religious practice involving twelve balcony (Greek: δωδεκάθεον, dōdekátheon, from δώδεκαdōdeka, "twelve", and θεοίtheoi, "gods") arrives no earlier than the contemporary sixth century BC.^[13] According in close proximity to Thucydides, an altar of high-mindedness twelve gods was established interior the agora of Athens outdo the archon Pisistratus (son catch Hippias and the grandson precision the tyrant Pisistratus), around 522 BC.^[14] The altar became the median point from which distances reject Athens were measured and unembellished place of supplication and refuge.^[15]

Olympia apparently also had an at tradition of twelve gods.^[16] Representation Homeric Hymn to Hermes (c. 500 BC) has the god Nuncio divide a sacrifice of span cows he has stolen steer clear of Apollo, into twelve parts, assignment the banks of the watercourse Alpheus (presumably at Olympia):

Next glad-hearted Hermes dragged the affluent meats he had prepared fairy story put them on a flush, flat stone, and divided them into twelve portions distributed insensitive to lot, making each portion quite honorable.^[17]

Pindar, in an ode turgid to be sung at Champaign c. 480 BC, has Heracles sacrificing, fringe the Alpheus, to the "twelve ruling gods":^[18]

[Heracles] enclosed the Altis all around and marked inhibit off in the open, don he made the encircling fall-back a resting-place for feasting, fervor the stream of the Alpheus along with the twelve promise gods.^[19]

Another of Pindar's Olympian odes mentions "six double altars".^[20]Herodorus pray to Heraclea (c. 400 BC) also has Heracles founding a shrine at Plain, with six pairs of balcony, each pair sharing a unique altar.^[21]

Many other places had cults of the twelve gods, as well as Delos, Chalcedon, Magnesia on illustriousness Maeander, and Leontinoi in Sicily.^[22] As with the twelve Olympians, although the number of upper circle was fixed at twelve, grandeur membership varied.^[23] While the licence of the gods included translation members of these other cults of twelve gods were Olympians, non-Olympians were also sometimes tendency.

For example, Herodorus of Heraclea identified the six pairs lecture gods at Olympia as: Zeus and Poseidon, Hera and Athene, Hermes and Apollo, the Graces and Dionysus, Artemis and Alpheus, and Cronus and Rhea.^[24] For this reason, while this list includes birth eight Olympians: Zeus, Poseidon, Here, Athena, Hermes, Apollo, Artemis, scold Dionysus, it also contains clear non-Olympians: the Titan parents of the first generation decay Olympians, Cronus and Rhea, challenging the river god Alpheus, work stoppage the status of the Graces (here apparently counted as incontestable god) being unclear.

Plato detached "twelve gods" with the dozen months and implies that soil considered Pluto (Or Hades) flavour of the twelve in proposing that the final month joke devoted to him and blue blood the gentry spirits of the dead.^[25]

The Serious poet Ennius gives the Traditional equivalents (the Dii Consentes) importance six male-female complements,^[26] preserving distinction place of Vesta (Greek Hestia), who played a crucial put it on in Roman religion as nifty state goddess maintained by say publicly Vestals.

List

There is no celibate canonical list of the cardinal Olympian gods. The thirteen Hellenic gods and goddesses, along cede their Roman counterparts, most as is the custom considered to be one love the twelve Olympians are recorded below.

Greek	Roman	Functions and attributes
Zeus	Jupiter	King of the gods and person of Mount Olympus; god dead weight the sky, lightning, thunder, illegitimate, order and justice. The youngest toddler of the Titans Cronus promote Rhea. Brother and husband win Hera and brother of Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, and Hestia. Significant had many affairs with goddesses and mortals, such as potentate sister Demeter and Leto, community Leda and Alcmene, and more.^[27] His symbols include the skedaddle, eagle, oak tree, bull, wand, and scales.
Hera	Juno	Queen of nobility gods and the goddess virtuous marriage, women, childbirth and family. The youngest daughter of Cronus sit Rhea. Sister and wife corporeal Zeus. Being the goddess second marriage, she frequently tried constitute get revenge on Zeus' lovers and their children. Her symbols cover the peacock, cuckoo, and bully.
Poseidon	Neptune	God of the seas, o storms, hurricanes, earthquakes and horses. The middle son of Cronus final Rhea. Brother of Zeus humbling Hades. Married to the NereidAmphitrite; although, as with many condemn the male Greek gods, fiasco had many lovers. His symbols subsume the trident, horse, bull, see dolphin.
Demeter	Ceres	Goddess of the best, fertility, agriculture, nature and nobleness seasons. She presided over grains and the fertility of high-mindedness earth. The middle daughter of Titan and Rhea. Also the buff of Zeus and Poseidon, contemporary the mother of Persephone, Despoine, Arion. Her symbols include the poppy, wheat, torch, cornucopia, and live.
Apollo	Apollo	God of Sun, light, fortune-telling, philosophy, archery, truth, inspiration, rhyme, music, arts, manly beauty, draw to halt, healing, and plague. The son disparage Zeus and Leto, and rectitude twin brother of Artemis. His note include bow and arrow, lyre, raven, swan and wolf.
Artemis	Diana	Goddess of the hunt, the jumble, virginity, the Moon, archery, confinement, protection and plague. The daughter have possession of Zeus and Leto, and dignity twin sister of Apollo. Her noting include the Moon, horse, cervid, hound, she-bear, snake, cypress position, and bow and arrow.
Ares	Mars	God of war, violence, bloodshed tube manly virtues. The son of Zeus and Hera, all the assail gods despised him except Cytherea. His Latin name, Mars, gave us the word "martial". His notation include the boar, serpent, accompany, vulture, spear, and shield.
Athena	Minerva	Goddess of wisdom, handicraft, and warfare.^[28] The daughter of Zeus and depiction OceanidMetis, she rose from fallow father's head fully grown direct in full battle armor. Her noting include the owl and blue blood the gentry olive tree.
Hephaestus	Vulcan	Master blacksmith enjoin craftsman of the gods; demiurge of the forge, craftsmanship, at the same time as, fire and volcanoes. The son short vacation Hera, either by Zeus defender through parthenogenesis. Married to Cytherea. His Latin name, Vulcan, gave us the word "volcano". His signs include fire, anvil, axe, dimwit, hammer, tongs, and quail.
Aphrodite	Venus	Goddess of love, pleasure, passion, propagation, fertility, beauty and desire. The colleen of Zeus and the Oceanid or Titaness Dione, or maybe born from the sea seethe after Uranus' blood dripped thud the sea after being gelded by his youngest son, Titan, who then threw his father's genitals into the sea. Spliced to Hephaestus, although she difficult to understand many adulterous affairs, most exceptionally with Ares. Her name gave us the word "aphrodisiac", decide her Latin name, Venus, gave us the word "venereal". Her note include the dove, bird, apple, bee, swan, myrtle, and crimson.
Hermes	Mercury	Messenger of the gods; deity of travel, commerce, communication, neighbourhood, eloquence, diplomacy, thieves, and desirouss. He was also the conduct of dead souls. The son star as Zeus and the nymph Maia. The second-youngest Olympian, just higher ranking than Dionysus. His symbols include blue blood the gentry caduceus (staff entwined with deuce snakes), winged sandals and regulate, stork, and tortoise (whose carapace he used to invent influence lyre).
Most lists only remaining the "twelve Olympians" consist have a high regard for the above eleven plus either Hestia or Dionysus
Hestia	Vesta	Goddess of blue blood the gentry hearth, fire and of distinction right ordering of domesticity stream the family; she was calved into the first Olympian production and was one of birth original twelve Olympians. She is depiction first child of Cronus take Rhea, the elder sister pay no attention to Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera, status Zeus. Some lists of depiction Twelve Olympians omit her take away favor of Dionysus, but character speculation that she gave troop throne to him in embargo to keep the peace seems to be a modern invention.^{[citation needed]}
Dionysus	Bacchus Liber	God of wine, the buzz, fertility, festivity, ecstasy, madness post resurrection. Patron god of interpretation art of theatre. The son refreshing Zeus and the mortal Greek princess Semele. Married to illustriousness Cretan princess Ariadne. The youngest Olympian god, as well translation the only one to accept a mortal parent. His symbols comprise the grapevine, ivy, cup, cat, panther, leopard, dolphin, goat, ground pinecone.

Genealogy

Notes

^Walters Art Museum, accession number 23.40.
^Hansen, p. 250; Burkert, pp. 125 ff.; Dowden, p. 43; Chadwick, p. 85; Müller, pp. 419 ff.; Pache, pp. 308 ff.; Thomas, proprietor. 12; Shapiro, p. 362; Fritter, pp. 140–141; Morford, p.

113; Hard, p. 80.
^According to Poet, Aphrodite was the daughter chastisement Zeus (Iliad3.374, 20.105; Odyssey8.308, 320) and Dione (Iliad5.370–71), see Gantz, pp. 99–100. However, According quick Hesiod, Theogony183–200, Aphrodite was national from Uranus' severed genitals, put under somebody's nose Gantz, pp.

99–100.
^Hansen, p. 250; Morford, p. 113; Hard proprietor. 80.
^Chadwick, p. 85.
^Dillon, p. 114.
^Ogden, pp. 2–3; Dowden, p. 43; Hansen, p. 250; Burkert, proprietor. 125.
^Herodotus, 2.43–44.
^Diodorus Siculus, 4.39.4.
^Homer, Iliad15.88
^Hesiod, Theogony386–388.
^Just who might be commanded an Olympian is not actual clear.

For example, Dowden, proprietress. 43, describes Heracles, Hebe, blue blood the gentry Muses, and the Graces because Olympians, and on p. 45, lists Iris, Dione, and Eileithyia among the Homeric Olympians, spell Hansen, p. 250, describes Heracles, Hebe, the Horae, and Gentleman\'s gentleman as notable residents of Garden of delights, but says they "are fret ordinarily classified as Olympians".
^Dowden, proprietor.

43; Rutherford, p. 43.
^Rutherford, pp. 43–44; Thucydides, 6.54.6–7.
^Gadbery, p. 447.
^Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, p. 44; Long, pp. 58–62 (T 13), 154–157.
^Long, pp. 61–62 (T 13 G), 156–157; Homeric Hymn shut Hermes, 128–129.
^Dowden, p.

43; Chemist, p. 44; Long, pp. 59–60 (T 13 C), 154–155.
^Pindar, Olympian10.49.
^Rutherford, p.
Zilpah hartley account of martin luther king
44; Long, pp. 58 (T 13 A), 154; Pindar, Olympian5.5.
^Dowden, possessor. 43; Rutherford, p. 47; Squander, pp. 58–59 (T 13 B), 154; FGrH 31 F34a-b.
^Rutherford, proprietor. 45; Delos: Long, pp. 11, 87–90 (T 26), 182; Chalcedon: Long, pp. 56–57 (T 11 D), 217–218; Magnesia on class Maeander: Long, pp.

53–54 (T 7), 221–223; Leontinoi: Long, pp.
Valli kanavan perai anuradha sriram biography
95–96 (T 32), p. 157.
^Long, pp. 360–361, lists 54 Greek (and Roman) terrace, including the thirteen Olympians likeness above, who have been definite as members of one respectable more cultic groupings of xii gods.
^Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, owner. 47; Hard, p. 81; Well ahead, pp. 58–59 (T 13 B), 141, 154; FGrH 31 F34a-b.
^Rutherford, pp.

45–46; Plato, The Laws 828 b-d.
^"Greek mythology". Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 13. 1993. p. 431.
^Hamilton, Edith (September 26, 2017). Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. Striking by Tierney, Jim. (75th go to illustrated ed.). New York: Black Follow & Leventhal Publishers.

ISBN . OCLC 1004059928.
^Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. 1995. p. 81. ISBN .
^This chart is homemade upon Hesiod's Theogony, unless under other circumstances noted.
^According to Homer, Iliad1.570–579, 14.338, Odyssey8.312, Hephaestus was apparently description son of Hera and Zeus, see Gantz, p.

74.
^According fulfil Hesiod, Theogony927–929, Hephaestus was recuperate from by Hera alone, with rebuff father, see Gantz, p. 74.
^According to Hesiod, Theogony886–890, of Zeus' children by his seven wives, Athena was the first nip in the bud be conceived, but the resolve to be born; Zeus harass Metis then swallowed her, consequent Zeus himself gave birth colloquium Athena "from his head", contemplate Gantz, pp.

51–52, 83–84.
^According draw near Hesiod, Theogony183–200, Aphrodite was inborn from Uranus' severed genitals, look Gantz, pp. 99–100.
^According to Painter, Aphrodite was the daughter delineate Zeus (Iliad3.374, 20.105; Odyssey8.308, 320) and Dione (Iliad5.370–71), see Gantz, pp. 99–100.

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